lets do emis

[manndeep 0]

A. Normal EEG

B. Reduced beta rhythm

C. Increased beta rhythm

D. Paroxysmal frontal lobe discharge

E. Spikes and waves

F. Generalised slowing with conserved alpha rhythm frontally.

G. Triphasic waves

1. An 80 old widower, miserable, not sleeping or eating, appears depressed (2 options)

2. A 75 year old woman, gradually more forgetful over the past 2 years (2 options)

3. A 70 year old man, with disinhibition, change in personality, mild memory impairment (2 options)

2. SIDE EFFECTS FROM MEDICATION

A. Cardiomyopathy

B. Diabetes Insipidus

C. Diabetes Mellitus

D. Lithium Toxicity

E. Hypothyroidism

F. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

G. Pulmonary Embolism

1. Young man, stable on clozapine for 2 years complains for breathlessness, lethargy and palpitations (one option)

2. Female stable on Lithium for 2 years presents with polyuria and polydipsia. She looks confused, dehydrated and has high sodium levels (one option)

3. Young man started recently on Risperidone. He is found on the ward febrile with labile blood pressure, increased muscle tone, sweating and confusion (one option).

3. OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER

A. Fluoxetine

B. Desipramine

C. Risperidone

D. Quetiapine

E. Sertraline

F. Lamotrigine

G. Reboxetine

H. Citalopram

J. Escitalopram

K. Lithium

1. A 15 year old child who has a 5 year history of OCD. He has been found depressed in the past 6 months (one option)

2. A 30 year old man with severe OCD has been on 2 different antiobsessional medications without a significant benefit. What would you suggest as an add-on treatment (two options)

3. A 25 year old man with OCD. Which anti-depressants are not helpful (two options)

4. MEDICATION IN CHILDREN

A. Atomoxetine

B. Methylphenidate

C. Melatonin

D. Fluoxetine

E. Diazepam

F. Clonidine

G. Carbamazepine

H. Sodium Valproate

1. A child with pervasive hyperactivity at school and home. Fidgety, hyperactive and poor attention (three options)

2. Child with low mood, insomnia, loss of weight and loss of interest (one option)

3. 3 year old child with mild learning disability, now presenting with intractable insomnia persisting even after behavioural intervention (two options)

5. GENETICS

A. Heritability

B. Epigenetic

C. Penetrance

1. The term that describes the proportion of phenotypic variation in a population that is attributable to genetic variation

2. The term that describes the transmission of genetic information without this information being encoded in the DNA

3. The term that explains how the same genotype can lead to different phenotypes

6. GROUP THERAPY

A. Sub-grouping

B. Pairing

C. Interpretation

D. Universality

E. Counterdependence

F. Dependence

G. Free floating discussion

1. Two characteristics of a psychodynamic opientated group

2. Two features that improve outcome in group therapy

3. Two features that pose a problem in group therapy

7. DEMENTIA FEATURES

A. Presenillin mutations

B. Tau mutations

C. Amyloid plaques

D. Lewy bodies

E. Apo E e4

F. A-synuclein inclusions

G. Mamillary body lesions

1. Lady in her 50s with dementia (two options)

2. Gentleman in his 80s with gradually progressing dementia over the last year. History of alcohol abuse for 20 years. He had a fall and a concussion 5 years ago (two options)

3. Gentleman in his 60s. Progressive cognitive decline with visual hallucinations and variable confusion

[manndeep 0]

A. Normal EEG

B. Reduced beta rhythm

C. Increased beta rhythm

D. Paroxysmal frontal lobe discharge

E. Spikes and waves

F. Generalised slowing with conserved alpha rhythm frontally.

G. Triphasic waves

1. An 80 old widower, miserable, not sleeping or eating, appears depressed (2 options)

2. A 75 year old woman, gradually more forgetful over the past 2 years (2 options)

3. A 70 year old man, with disinhibition, change in personality, mild memory impairment (2 options)

1 AC

2 FC

3DF

[manndeep 0]

2. SIDE EFFECTS FROM MEDICATION

A. Cardiomyopathy

B. Diabetes Insipidus

C. Diabetes Mellitus

D. Lithium Toxicity

E. Hypothyroidism

F. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

G. Pulmonary Embolism

1. Young man, stable on clozapine for 2 years complains for breathlessness, lethargy and palpitations (one option)

2. Female stable on Lithium for 2 years presents with polyuria and polydipsia. She looks confused, dehydrated and has high sodium levels (one option)

3. Young man started recently on Risperidone. He is found on the ward febrile with labile blood pressure, increased muscle tone, sweating and confusion (one option).

1 A

2?

3F

[manndeep 0]

ANY COMMENTS OVER ABOVE?

OTHERS PLEASE COME IN

[rajeevkrishnadas 19]

2] 2. I would have gone for lithium toxicity, except for the high sodium... i pobably would still go for that... as the pt has polyuria...

3] 1. A

2. C,K

3. B,G

4] 1. A,B,F

2. D

3. C,E

[Guest K]

6. GROUP THERAPY

A. Sub-grouping

B. Pairing

C. Interpretation

D. Universality

E. Counterdependence

F. Dependence

G. Free floating discussion

1. Two characteristics of a psychodynamic opientated group-- C, ?

2. Two features that improve outcome in group therapy --D,G

3. Two features that pose a problem in group therapy -- F,B

[manndeep 0]

7. DEMENTIA FEATURES

A. Presenillin mutations

B. Tau mutations

C. Amyloid plaques

D. Lewy bodies

E. Apo E e4

F. A-synuclein inclusions

G. Mamillary body lesions

1. Lady in her 50s with dementia (two options)

2. Gentleman in his 80s with gradually progressing dementia over the last year. History of alcohol abuse for 20 years. He had a fall and a concussion 5 years ago (two options)

3. Gentleman in his 60s. Progressive cognitive decline with visual hallucinations and variable confusion

1 A ?

2 C ?

3 D

[.reiss 0]

2. SIDE EFFECTS FROM MEDICATION

A. Cardiomyopathy

B. Diabetes Insipidus

C. Diabetes Mellitus

D. Lithium Toxicity

E. Hypothyroidism

F. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

G. Pulmonary Embolism

1. Young man, stable on clozapine for 2 years complains for breathlessness, lethargy and palpitations (one option) - A - Pulmonary embolism is a potentially lethal side effect of Clozapine treatment but it would present acutely. Myocarditis is also important but the picture fits with a dilated cardiomyopathy.

2. Female stable on Lithium for 2 years presents with polyuria and polydipsia. She looks confused, dehydrated and has high sodium levels (one option) - B - Diabetes Insipidus secondary to lithium.

3. Young man started recently on Risperidone. He is found on the ward febrile with labile blood pressure, increased muscle tone, sweating and confusion (one option).

F - NMS.

[Guest K]

Mammilary bodies

Superior colliculi

Inferior olivary nucleus

Lentiform nucleus

Arcuate fasciculus

Temporal pole

Subiculum

Medial geniculate body

Medial thalamus

Select the neuroanatomy most likely to be associated with the following

1 Uncinate Fasciculus (2)

2 Korsakoffs psychosis (2)

3 Auditory Pathway (2)

Normal EEG

Triphasic wave

Spikes & waves

Generalised slowing with preserved posterior alpha waves

Increased theta

Decreased beta

Select two or three of the above for the clinical scenario

1 A 70 year old man, depressed for some time who has recently become aggressive and shoplifting (2)

2 A 65 year old man whose wife died has died recently and he has become convinced he has cancer (2)

3 A 63 year old woman with 9 month history of memory loss and a recent fall (3)

flurodeoxyglucose PET

flumazenil PET

oxygen5 PET

123I Iomazenil SPECT

fMRI spectroscopy

volumetric MRI

t1 weighted MRI

Select the appropriate tests for the following research scenarios

1 2 tests for measuring neuronal loss in frontal lobe

2 2 tests for total brain volume loss ?

3 1 test for neuronal loss

1. statistics

answers: chi-squared, mcnemar, t-test, paired t-test, anova, ancova, multiple regression

questions:

comparing categorical data

parametric data

confounders

neurobiological basis disease

answers: cerebellar damage, macrocephaly, enlarged lentifrom

questions:

autism

antipsychotics

others..

[manndeep 0]

give your answers first!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! :lol:

[Guest K]

yes mam

Mammilary bodies

Superior colliculi

Inferior olivary nucleus

Lentiform nucleus

Arcuate fasciculus

Temporal pole

Subiculum

Medial geniculate body

Medial thalamus

Select the neuroanatomy most likely to be associated with the following

1 Uncinate Fasciculus (2) Temporal pole , ?

2 Korsakoffs psychosis (2) Mammilary bodies , Medial thalamus

3 Auditory Pathway (2) Superior colliculi , Inferior olivary nucleus

[Guest K]

3. OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER  

 

A. Fluoxetine  

B. Desipramine  

C. Risperidone  

D. Quetiapine  

E. Sertraline  

F. Lamotrigine  

G. Reboxetine  

H. Citalopram  

J. Escitalopram  

K. Lithium  

 

1. A 15 year old child who has a 5 year history of OCD. He has been found depressed in the past 6 months (one option)   A

 

2. A 30 year old man with severe OCD has been on 2 different antiobsessional medications without a significant benefit. What would you suggest as an add-on treatment (two options)   C,K

 

3. A 25 year old man with OCD. Which anti-depressants are not helpful (two options)   B,G

could people help with the rest please.especialy those who have mrcpsych in front of their names.

[alwaleed 0]

7. DEMENTIA FEATURES

A. Presenillin mutations

B. Tau mutations

C. Amyloid plaques

D. Lewy bodies

E. Apo E e4

F. A-synuclein inclusions

G. Mamillary body lesions

1. Lady in her 50s with dementia (two options)

2. Gentleman in his 80s with gradually progressing dementia over the last year. History of alcohol abuse for 20 years. He had a fall and a concussion 5 years ago (two options)

3. Gentleman in his 60s. Progressive cognitive decline with visual hallucinations and variable confusion

1. a,c (early AD presenilin and APP that is amyloid plaques)

2. e,g korskov or AD

3.d lewy bodies

[Guest khuram]

2. SIDE EFFECTS FROM MEDICATION  

 

A. Cardiomyopathy  

B. Diabetes Insipidus  

C. Diabetes Mellitus  

D. Lithium Toxicity  

E. Hypothyroidism  

F. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome  

G. Pulmonary Embolism  

 

1. Young man, stable on clozapine for 2 years complains for breathlessness, lethargy and palpitations (one option)  

2. Female stable on Lithium for 2 years presents with polyuria and polydipsia. She looks confused, dehydrated and has high sodium levels (one option)  

3. Young man started recently on Risperidone. He is found on the ward febrile with labile blood pressure, increased muscle tone, sweating and confusion (one option).  

 

1 A

2?

3F

2--I will go for B

[Guest K]

A) Chi-square test

McNemar test

C) Fisher test

D) Cluster analysis

E) ANCOVA

F) ANVONA

G) Multiple regression

H) corelation coefficient ..pearsons (parametric)

I) spearmans coefficent (non-parametric)

1. Demonstrate association of height (parametric) and ASPD (choose 3)

2. Relation of conduct disorder and ASPD (choose 2)

3. ASPD vs height and IQ (height and IQ correlated) (choose 2)

[rajeevkrishnadas 19]

2. SIDE EFFECTS FROM MEDICATION  

 

A. Cardiomyopathy  

B. Diabetes Insipidus  

C. Diabetes Mellitus  

D. Lithium Toxicity  

E. Hypothyroidism  

F. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome  

G. Pulmonary Embolism  

 

1. Young man, stable on clozapine for 2 years complains for breathlessness, lethargy and palpitations (one option)  

2. Female stable on Lithium for 2 years presents with polyuria and polydipsia. She looks confused, dehydrated and has high sodium levels (one option)  

3. Young man started recently on Risperidone. He is found on the ward febrile with labile blood pressure, increased muscle tone, sweating and confusion (one option).  

 

1 A

2?

3F

2--I will go for B

How would you explain confusion??? do patients with DI get confused??

morover dehydraition can cause li toxicity...

If so, how do we decide between Li toxicity and DI...

[rajeevkrishnadas 19]

A) Chi-square test

McNemar test

C) Fisher test

D) Cluster analysis

E) ANCOVA

F) ANVONA ( I will take this to be ANOVA)

G) Multiple regression

H) corelation coefficient ..pearsons (parametric)

I) spearmans coefficent (non-parametric)

1. Demonstrate association of height (parametric) and ASPD (choose 3)

2. Relation of conduct disorder and ASPD (choose 2)

3. ASPD vs height and IQ (height and IQ correlated) (choose 2)

In any of these cases, I would take

Height to be a continuous variable

ASPDisorder and Conduct disorder as categorical variables ( either present or absent)

IQ may be considered continuous (as long as it is the scores, if it is scored mild, moderate,severe and profound, it would be categorical/nominal again)

So,

1. a. ANOVA ( or unpaired t test) it would see if there is a diffence in height between those with ASPD and without... on the basis that Height assumes normality...

b. ANCOVA (with Height as DV and ASPD as fixed factor variables)

cant think of the third... (if there was binary logistic regression, I would have gone for that)

2. a. Chi square and b. fisher exact test... ( both being categorical variables)

3. a. ANCOVA ,

I am not sure about the second... as a guess, I would go for Factor analysis... because multiple regression can be done only on continuous variables...

[Guest K]

A) Chi-square test

McNemar test

C) Fisher test

D) Cluster analysis

E) ANCOVA

F) ANVONA ( I will take this to be ANOVA)

G) Multiple regression

H) corelation coefficient ..pearsons (parametric)

I) spearmans coefficent (non-parametric)

1. Demonstrate association of height (parametric) and ASPD (choose 3)

2. Relation of conduct disorder and ASPD (choose 2)

3. ASPD vs height and IQ (height and IQ correlated) (choose 2)

In any of these cases, I would take

Height to be a continuous variable

ASPDisorder and Conduct disorder as categorical variables ( either present or absent)

IQ may be considered continuous (as long as it is the scores, if it is scored mild, moderate,severe and profound, it would be categorical/nominal again)

So,

1. a. ANOVA ( or unpaired t test) it would see if there is a diffence in height between those with ASPD and without... on the basis that Height assumes normality...

b. ANCOVA (with Height as DV and ASPD as fixed factor variables)

cant think of the third... (if there was binary logistic regression, I would have gone for that)

2. a. Chi square and b. fisher exact test... ( both being categorical variables)

3. a. ANCOVA ,

I am not sure about the second... as a guess, I would go for Factor analysis... because multiple regression can be done only on continuous variables...

1) why not A,B and C (ANOVA is for continous data with three or more variables)

3) why cannot we use H or I?

[zyko 0]

A) Chi-square test

McNemar test

C) Fisher test

D) Cluster analysis

E) ANCOVA

F) ANVONA ( I will take this to be ANOVA)

G) Multiple regression

H) corelation coefficient ..pearsons (parametric)

I) spearmans coefficent (non-parametric)

1. Demonstrate association of height (parametric) and ASPD (choose 3)

2. Relation of conduct disorder and ASPD (choose 2)

3. ASPD vs height and IQ (height and IQ correlated) (choose 2)

In any of these cases, I would take

Height to be a continuous variable

ASPDisorder and Conduct disorder as categorical variables ( either present or absent)

IQ may be considered continuous (as long as it is the scores, if it is scored mild, moderate,severe and profound, it would be categorical/nominal again)

So,

1. a. ANOVA ( or unpaired t test) it would see if there is a diffence in height between those with ASPD and without... on the basis that Height assumes normality...

b. ANCOVA (with Height as DV and ASPD as fixed factor variables)

cant think of the third... (if there was binary logistic regression, I would have gone for that)

2. a. Chi square and b. fisher exact test... ( both being categorical variables)

3. a. ANCOVA ,

I am not sure about the second... as a guess, I would go for Factor analysis... because multiple regression can be done only on continuous variables...

1) why not A,B and C (ANOVA is for continous data with three or more variables)

3) why cannot we use H or I?

height is continous hence not a,b,c

[drkukkadapu 0]

height is continous but you can convert it to binary

for e.g. those above 6 ft and those below ft.

[mohammad_ali 0]

can anyone give us the final answer about above critical appraisal emi please !!even approximate answer acceptable !!!

regardes

[Guest supernaut]

A) Chi-square test

McNemar test

C) Fisher test

D) Cluster analysis

E) ANCOVA

F) ANOVA

G) Multiple regression

H) corelation coefficient ..pearsons (parametric)

I) spearmans coefficent (non-parametric)

1. Demonstrate association of height (parametric) and ASPD (choose 3)

ANCOVA - explores effect of categorical factors on a continuous dependent variable

ANOVA

Corelation Coeff - after Logarithmic transformation of ASPD

2. Relation of conduct disorder and ASPD (choose 2)

(Binary)

Chi Square

Fishers

3. ASPD vs height and IQ (height and IQ correlated) (choose 2)

ANCOVA

Multiple regression - ANCOVA is also a multiple regression technique

[Guest K]

A) Chi-square test

McNemar test

C) Fisher test

D) Cluster analysis

E) ANCOVA

F) ANOVA

G) Multiple regression

H) corelation coefficient ..pearsons (parametric)

I) spearmans coefficent (non-parametric)

1. Demonstrate association of height (parametric) and ASPD (choose 3)

ANCOVA - explores effect of categorical factors on a continuous dependent variable

ANOVA

Corelation Coeff - after Logarithmic transformation of ASPD

2. Relation of conduct disorder and ASPD (choose 2)

(Binary)

Chi Square

Fishers

3. ASPD vs height and IQ (height and IQ correlated) (choose 2)

ANCOVA

Multiple regression - [highlight]ANCOVA is also a multiple regression technique[/highlight]

absolutely agree except that ANOVA is also a multiple regression technique for continous variable.

[rajeevkrishnadas 19]

1) why not A,B and C (ANOVA is for continous data with three or more variables)

3) why cannot we use H or I?

Sorry LAD...

for the first question, we can use only anova and ancova...

Supernaut...

i dont think log transforming will make ASPD into a continuous variable... log transforming may make a non normal distribution to a normal distribution... but not a categorical to a continuous variable...

so you cant use both the correlations they have given, but there are other correlations which you can use...

for the third question,

ASPD is categorical, height and IQ are continuous...

so you cant do a pearson or spearman between a categorical and continuous variable...

ANCOVA is a regression which allows you to control for covariates...

and i think the other answer is multiple regression... not cluster analysis... ( i am really not sure on that part if you can use multiple regression to find a relationship between continuous and a categorical variable... i thot it needed a binary logistic regression...)

as far as transforming continuous to categorical is concerned, that is not considered to be a good practise... because there is loss of data.. and in that case, you can convert everything to categorical.... height into tall and short

iq into mild mod severe, profound

and then keep doing chisquares..

[Guest supernaut]

Dorian,

Logit transformation will convert a categorical or binary variable into a variable taking on any value between - inf. and +inf ( ajetunmobi 41). So it is not just for converting non-parametric data - still though I am not sure if one could simply use co-relation if it was Log transformed. Also this seems unncessarily messy. So I retract!

Would therefore choose multiple regression as my third answer for 1) instead  see link - useful table

http://www.ats.ucla.edu/STAT/mult_pkg/whatstat/default.htm

.. also I dont think the college would want to test us on transforming variables. its more to check and see whether you know what statistical tests are used for which variables.