Posted March 4, 2007 A. Normal EEG B. Reduced beta rhythm C. Increased beta rhythm D. Paroxysmal frontal lobe discharge E. Spikes and waves F. Generalised slowing with conserved alpha rhythm frontally. G. Triphasic waves 1. An 80 old widower, miserable, not sleeping or eating, appears depressed (2 options) 2. A 75 year old woman, gradually more forgetful over the past 2 years (2 options) 3. A 70 year old man, with disinhibition, change in personality, mild memory impairment (2 options) 2. SIDE EFFECTS FROM MEDICATION A. Cardiomyopathy B. Diabetes Insipidus C. Diabetes Mellitus D. Lithium Toxicity E. Hypothyroidism F. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome G. Pulmonary Embolism 1. Young man, stable on clozapine for 2 years complains for breathlessness, lethargy and palpitations (one option) 2. Female stable on Lithium for 2 years presents with polyuria and polydipsia. She looks confused, dehydrated and has high sodium levels (one option) 3. Young man started recently on Risperidone. He is found on the ward febrile with labile blood pressure, increased muscle tone, sweating and confusion (one option). 3. OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER A. Fluoxetine B. Desipramine C. Risperidone D. Quetiapine E. Sertraline F. Lamotrigine G. Reboxetine H. Citalopram J. Escitalopram K. Lithium 1. A 15 year old child who has a 5 year history of OCD. He has been found depressed in the past 6 months (one option) 2. A 30 year old man with severe OCD has been on 2 different antiobsessional medications without a significant benefit. What would you suggest as an add-on treatment (two options) 3. A 25 year old man with OCD. Which anti-depressants are not helpful (two options) 4. MEDICATION IN CHILDREN A. Atomoxetine B. Methylphenidate C. Melatonin D. Fluoxetine E. Diazepam F. Clonidine G. Carbamazepine H. Sodium Valproate 1. A child with pervasive hyperactivity at school and home. Fidgety, hyperactive and poor attention (three options) 2. Child with low mood, insomnia, loss of weight and loss of interest (one option) 3. 3 year old child with mild learning disability, now presenting with intractable insomnia persisting even after behavioural intervention (two options) 5. GENETICS A. Heritability B. Epigenetic C. Penetrance 1. The term that describes the proportion of phenotypic variation in a population that is attributable to genetic variation 2. The term that describes the transmission of genetic information without this information being encoded in the DNA 3. The term that explains how the same genotype can lead to different phenotypes 6. GROUP THERAPY A. Sub-grouping B. Pairing C. Interpretation D. Universality E. Counterdependence F. Dependence G. Free floating discussion 1. Two characteristics of a psychodynamic opientated group 2. Two features that improve outcome in group therapy 3. Two features that pose a problem in group therapy 7. DEMENTIA FEATURES A. Presenillin mutations B. Tau mutations C. Amyloid plaques D. Lewy bodies E. Apo E e4 F. A-synuclein inclusions G. Mamillary body lesions 1. Lady in her 50s with dementia (two options) 2. Gentleman in his 80s with gradually progressing dementia over the last year. History of alcohol abuse for 20 years. He had a fall and a concussion 5 years ago (two options) 3. Gentleman in his 60s. Progressive cognitive decline with visual hallucinations and variable confusion Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Posted March 4, 2007 A. Normal EEG B. Reduced beta rhythm C. Increased beta rhythm D. Paroxysmal frontal lobe discharge E. Spikes and waves F. Generalised slowing with conserved alpha rhythm frontally. G. Triphasic waves 1. An 80 old widower, miserable, not sleeping or eating, appears depressed (2 options) 2. A 75 year old woman, gradually more forgetful over the past 2 years (2 options) 3. A 70 year old man, with disinhibition, change in personality, mild memory impairment (2 options)1 AC2 FC3DF Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Posted March 4, 2007 2. SIDE EFFECTS FROM MEDICATION A. Cardiomyopathy B. Diabetes Insipidus C. Diabetes Mellitus D. Lithium Toxicity E. Hypothyroidism F. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome G. Pulmonary Embolism 1. Young man, stable on clozapine for 2 years complains for breathlessness, lethargy and palpitations (one option) 2. Female stable on Lithium for 2 years presents with polyuria and polydipsia. She looks confused, dehydrated and has high sodium levels (one option) 3. Young man started recently on Risperidone. He is found on the ward febrile with labile blood pressure, increased muscle tone, sweating and confusion (one option). 1 A2?3F Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Posted March 4, 2007 ANY COMMENTS OVER ABOVE?OTHERS PLEASE COME IN Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Posted March 4, 2007 2] 2. I would have gone for lithium toxicity, except for the high sodium... i pobably would still go for that... as the pt has polyuria...3] 1. A 2. C,K 3. B,G4] 1. A,B,F 2. D 3. C,E Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Posted March 4, 2007 6. GROUP THERAPY A. Sub-grouping B. Pairing C. Interpretation D. Universality E. Counterdependence F. Dependence G. Free floating discussion 1. Two characteristics of a psychodynamic opientated group-- C, ?2. Two features that improve outcome in group therapy --D,G 3. Two features that pose a problem in group therapy -- F,B Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Posted March 6, 2007 7. DEMENTIA FEATURES A. Presenillin mutations B. Tau mutations C. Amyloid plaques D. Lewy bodies E. Apo E e4 F. A-synuclein inclusions G. Mamillary body lesions 1. Lady in her 50s with dementia (two options) 2. Gentleman in his 80s with gradually progressing dementia over the last year. History of alcohol abuse for 20 years. He had a fall and a concussion 5 years ago (two options) 3. Gentleman in his 60s. Progressive cognitive decline with visual hallucinations and variable confusion 1 A ?2 C ?3 D Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Posted March 6, 2007 2. SIDE EFFECTS FROM MEDICATION A. Cardiomyopathy B. Diabetes Insipidus C. Diabetes Mellitus D. Lithium Toxicity E. Hypothyroidism F. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome G. Pulmonary Embolism 1. Young man, stable on clozapine for 2 years complains for breathlessness, lethargy and palpitations (one option) - A - Pulmonary embolism is a potentially lethal side effect of Clozapine treatment but it would present acutely. Myocarditis is also important but the picture fits with a dilated cardiomyopathy.2. Female stable on Lithium for 2 years presents with polyuria and polydipsia. She looks confused, dehydrated and has high sodium levels (one option) - B - Diabetes Insipidus secondary to lithium.3. Young man started recently on Risperidone. He is found on the ward febrile with labile blood pressure, increased muscle tone, sweating and confusion (one option). F - NMS. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Posted March 9, 2007 Mammilary bodies Superior colliculi Inferior olivary nucleus Lentiform nucleus Arcuate fasciculus Temporal pole Subiculum Medial geniculate body Medial thalamus Select the neuroanatomy most likely to be associated with the following 1 Uncinate Fasciculus (2) 2 Korsakoffs psychosis (2) 3 Auditory Pathway (2) Normal EEG Triphasic wave Spikes & waves Generalised slowing with preserved posterior alpha waves Increased theta Decreased beta Select two or three of the above for the clinical scenario 1 A 70 year old man, depressed for some time who has recently become aggressive and shoplifting (2) 2 A 65 year old man whose wife died has died recently and he has become convinced he has cancer (2) 3 A 63 year old woman with 9 month history of memory loss and a recent fall (3) flurodeoxyglucose PET flumazenil PET oxygen5 PET 123I Iomazenil SPECT fMRI spectroscopy volumetric MRI t1 weighted MRI Select the appropriate tests for the following research scenarios 1 2 tests for measuring neuronal loss in frontal lobe 2 2 tests for total brain volume loss ? 3 1 test for neuronal loss 1. statistics answers: chi-squared, mcnemar, t-test, paired t-test, anova, ancova, multiple regression questions: comparing categorical data parametric data confounders neurobiological basis disease answers: cerebellar damage, macrocephaly, enlarged lentifrom questions: autism antipsychotics others.. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Posted March 9, 2007 give your answers first!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! :lol: Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Posted March 9, 2007 yes mam Mammilary bodies Superior colliculi Inferior olivary nucleus Lentiform nucleus Arcuate fasciculus Temporal pole Subiculum Medial geniculate body Medial thalamus Select the neuroanatomy most likely to be associated with the following 1 Uncinate Fasciculus (2) Temporal pole , ? 2 Korsakoffs psychosis (2) Mammilary bodies , Medial thalamus 3 Auditory Pathway (2) Superior colliculi , Inferior olivary nucleus Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Posted March 11, 2007 3. OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER A. Fluoxetine B. Desipramine C. Risperidone D. Quetiapine E. Sertraline F. Lamotrigine G. Reboxetine H. Citalopram J. Escitalopram K. Lithium 1. A 15 year old child who has a 5 year history of OCD. He has been found depressed in the past 6 months (one option) A 2. A 30 year old man with severe OCD has been on 2 different antiobsessional medications without a significant benefit. What would you suggest as an add-on treatment (two options) C,K 3. A 25 year old man with OCD. Which anti-depressants are not helpful (two options) B,Gcould people help with the rest please.especialy those who have mrcpsych in front of their names. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Posted March 12, 2007 7. DEMENTIA FEATURES A. Presenillin mutations B. Tau mutations C. Amyloid plaques D. Lewy bodies E. Apo E e4 F. A-synuclein inclusions G. Mamillary body lesions 1. Lady in her 50s with dementia (two options) 2. Gentleman in his 80s with gradually progressing dementia over the last year. History of alcohol abuse for 20 years. He had a fall and a concussion 5 years ago (two options) 3. Gentleman in his 60s. Progressive cognitive decline with visual hallucinations and variable confusion 1. a,c (early AD presenilin and APP that is amyloid plaques)2. e,g korskov or AD3.d lewy bodies Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Posted March 12, 2007 2. SIDE EFFECTS FROM MEDICATION A. Cardiomyopathy B. Diabetes Insipidus C. Diabetes Mellitus D. Lithium Toxicity E. Hypothyroidism F. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome G. Pulmonary Embolism 1. Young man, stable on clozapine for 2 years complains for breathlessness, lethargy and palpitations (one option) 2. Female stable on Lithium for 2 years presents with polyuria and polydipsia. She looks confused, dehydrated and has high sodium levels (one option) 3. Young man started recently on Risperidone. He is found on the ward febrile with labile blood pressure, increased muscle tone, sweating and confusion (one option). 1 A2?3F2--I will go for B Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Posted March 12, 2007 A) Chi-square test McNemar test C) Fisher test D) Cluster analysis E) ANCOVA F) ANVONA G) Multiple regression H) corelation coefficient ..pearsons (parametric) I) spearmans coefficent (non-parametric) 1. Demonstrate association of height (parametric) and ASPD (choose 3) 2. Relation of conduct disorder and ASPD (choose 2) 3. ASPD vs height and IQ (height and IQ correlated) (choose 2) Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Posted March 13, 2007 2. SIDE EFFECTS FROM MEDICATION A. Cardiomyopathy B. Diabetes Insipidus C. Diabetes Mellitus D. Lithium Toxicity E. Hypothyroidism F. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome G. Pulmonary Embolism 1. Young man, stable on clozapine for 2 years complains for breathlessness, lethargy and palpitations (one option) 2. Female stable on Lithium for 2 years presents with polyuria and polydipsia. She looks confused, dehydrated and has high sodium levels (one option) 3. Young man started recently on Risperidone. He is found on the ward febrile with labile blood pressure, increased muscle tone, sweating and confusion (one option). 1 A2?3F2--I will go for BHow would you explain confusion??? do patients with DI get confused?? morover dehydraition can cause li toxicity...If so, how do we decide between Li toxicity and DI... Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Posted March 13, 2007 A) Chi-square test McNemar test C) Fisher test D) Cluster analysis E) ANCOVA F) ANVONA ( I will take this to be ANOVA)G) Multiple regression H) corelation coefficient ..pearsons (parametric) I) spearmans coefficent (non-parametric) 1. Demonstrate association of height (parametric) and ASPD (choose 3) 2. Relation of conduct disorder and ASPD (choose 2) 3. ASPD vs height and IQ (height and IQ correlated) (choose 2) In any of these cases, I would take Height to be a continuous variableASPDisorder and Conduct disorder as categorical variables ( either present or absent)IQ may be considered continuous (as long as it is the scores, if it is scored mild, moderate,severe and profound, it would be categorical/nominal again)So, 1. a. ANOVA ( or unpaired t test) it would see if there is a diffence in height between those with ASPD and without... on the basis that Height assumes normality...b. ANCOVA (with Height as DV and ASPD as fixed factor variables)cant think of the third... (if there was binary logistic regression, I would have gone for that)2. a. Chi square and b. fisher exact test... ( both being categorical variables)3. a. ANCOVA , I am not sure about the second... as a guess, I would go for Factor analysis... because multiple regression can be done only on continuous variables... Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Posted March 13, 2007 A) Chi-square test McNemar test C) Fisher test D) Cluster analysis E) ANCOVA F) ANVONA ( I will take this to be ANOVA)G) Multiple regression H) corelation coefficient ..pearsons (parametric) I) spearmans coefficent (non-parametric) 1. Demonstrate association of height (parametric) and ASPD (choose 3) 2. Relation of conduct disorder and ASPD (choose 2) 3. ASPD vs height and IQ (height and IQ correlated) (choose 2) In any of these cases, I would take Height to be a continuous variableASPDisorder and Conduct disorder as categorical variables ( either present or absent)IQ may be considered continuous (as long as it is the scores, if it is scored mild, moderate,severe and profound, it would be categorical/nominal again)So, 1. a. ANOVA ( or unpaired t test) it would see if there is a diffence in height between those with ASPD and without... on the basis that Height assumes normality...b. ANCOVA (with Height as DV and ASPD as fixed factor variables)cant think of the third... (if there was binary logistic regression, I would have gone for that)2. a. Chi square and b. fisher exact test... ( both being categorical variables)3. a. ANCOVA , I am not sure about the second... as a guess, I would go for Factor analysis... because multiple regression can be done only on continuous variables...1) why not A,B and C (ANOVA is for continous data with three or more variables)3) why cannot we use H or I? Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Posted March 13, 2007 A) Chi-square test McNemar test C) Fisher test D) Cluster analysis E) ANCOVA F) ANVONA ( I will take this to be ANOVA)G) Multiple regression H) corelation coefficient ..pearsons (parametric) I) spearmans coefficent (non-parametric) 1. Demonstrate association of height (parametric) and ASPD (choose 3) 2. Relation of conduct disorder and ASPD (choose 2) 3. ASPD vs height and IQ (height and IQ correlated) (choose 2) In any of these cases, I would take Height to be a continuous variableASPDisorder and Conduct disorder as categorical variables ( either present or absent)IQ may be considered continuous (as long as it is the scores, if it is scored mild, moderate,severe and profound, it would be categorical/nominal again)So, 1. a. ANOVA ( or unpaired t test) it would see if there is a diffence in height between those with ASPD and without... on the basis that Height assumes normality...b. ANCOVA (with Height as DV and ASPD as fixed factor variables)cant think of the third... (if there was binary logistic regression, I would have gone for that)2. a. Chi square and b. fisher exact test... ( both being categorical variables)3. a. ANCOVA , I am not sure about the second... as a guess, I would go for Factor analysis... because multiple regression can be done only on continuous variables...1) why not A,B and C (ANOVA is for continous data with three or more variables)3) why cannot we use H or I?height is continous hence not a,b,c Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Posted March 13, 2007 height is continous but you can convert it to binaryfor e.g. those above 6 ft and those below ft. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Posted March 13, 2007 can anyone give us the final answer about above critical appraisal emi please !!even approximate answer acceptable !!!regardes Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Posted March 14, 2007 A) Chi-square test McNemar test C) Fisher test D) Cluster analysis E) ANCOVA F) ANOVA G) Multiple regression H) corelation coefficient ..pearsons (parametric) I) spearmans coefficent (non-parametric)1. Demonstrate association of height (parametric) and ASPD (choose 3) ANCOVA - explores effect of categorical factors on a continuous dependent variableANOVA Corelation Coeff - after Logarithmic transformation of ASPD2. Relation of conduct disorder and ASPD (choose 2) (Binary)Chi SquareFishers3. ASPD vs height and IQ (height and IQ correlated) (choose 2) ANCOVAMultiple regression - ANCOVA is also a multiple regression technique Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Posted March 14, 2007 A) Chi-square test McNemar test C) Fisher test D) Cluster analysis E) ANCOVA F) ANOVA G) Multiple regression H) corelation coefficient ..pearsons (parametric) I) spearmans coefficent (non-parametric)1. Demonstrate association of height (parametric) and ASPD (choose 3) ANCOVA - explores effect of categorical factors on a continuous dependent variableANOVA Corelation Coeff - after Logarithmic transformation of ASPD2. Relation of conduct disorder and ASPD (choose 2) (Binary)Chi SquareFishers3. ASPD vs height and IQ (height and IQ correlated) (choose 2) ANCOVAMultiple regression - [highlight]ANCOVA is also a multiple regression technique[/highlight]absolutely agree except that ANOVA is also a multiple regression technique for continous variable. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Posted March 14, 2007 1) why not A,B and C (ANOVA is for continous data with three or more variables)3) why cannot we use H or I?Sorry LAD...for the first question, we can use only anova and ancova...Supernaut...i dont think log transforming will make ASPD into a continuous variable... log transforming may make a non normal distribution to a normal distribution... but not a categorical to a continuous variable...so you cant use both the correlations they have given, but there are other correlations which you can use...for the third question,ASPD is categorical, height and IQ are continuous...so you cant do a pearson or spearman between a categorical and continuous variable...ANCOVA is a regression which allows you to control for covariates...and i think the other answer is multiple regression... not cluster analysis... ( i am really not sure on that part if you can use multiple regression to find a relationship between continuous and a categorical variable... i thot it needed a binary logistic regression...)as far as transforming continuous to categorical is concerned, that is not considered to be a good practise... because there is loss of data.. and in that case, you can convert everything to categorical.... height into tall and shortiq into mild mod severe, profoundand then keep doing chisquares.. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites
Posted March 14, 2007 Dorian,Logit transformation will convert a categorical or binary variable into a variable taking on any value between - inf. and +inf ( ajetunmobi 41). So it is not just for converting non-parametric data - still though I am not sure if one could simply use co-relation if it was Log transformed. Also this seems unncessarily messy. So I retract!Would therefore choose multiple regression as my third answer for 1) instead see link - useful table http://www.ats.ucla.edu/STAT/mult_pkg/whatstat/default.htm.. also I dont think the college would want to test us on transforming variables. its more to check and see whether you know what statistical tests are used for which variables. Share this post Link to post Share on other sites